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METHODS IN CELL PHYSIOLOGY

Detection of intracellular iron by its regulatory effect

¹College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032; ²Queens College and Graduate School and University Center of City University of New York, Flushing 11367; and ³State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214

Submitted 27 May 2004 ; accepted in final form 16 July 2004

Intracellular iron regulates gene expression by inhibiting the interaction of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) with RNA motifs called iron-responsive elements (IREs). To assay this interaction in living cells we have developed two fluorescent IRE-based reporters that rapidly, reversibly, and specifically respond to changes in cellular iron status as well as signaling that modifies IRP activity. The reporters were also sufficiently sensitive to distinguish apo- from holotransferrin in the medium, to detect the effect of modifiers of the transferrin pathway such as HFE, and to detect the donation or chelation of iron by siderophores bound to the lipocalin neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal). In addition, alternative configurations of the IRE motif either enhanced or repressed fluorescence, permitting a ratio analysis of the iron-dependent response. These characteristics make it possible to visualize iron-IRP-IRE interactions in vivo.

iron regulatory proteins; iron-responsive element; labile iron pool; transferrin; HFE; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; siderophore

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