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RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
and PKD in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability
Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A & M University System Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504
Submitted 6 August 2003 ; accepted in final form 8 September 2003
The involvement of PKC, the isoforms of which are categorized into three subtypes: conventional (
,
I,
II, and
), novel [
,
,
, and µ (also known as PKD),
], and atypical (
and
/
), in the regulation of endothelial monolayer integrity is well documented. However, isoform activity varies among different cell types. Our goal was to reveal isoform-specific PKC activity in the microvascular endothelium in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Isoform activity was demonstrated by cytosol-to-membrane translocation after PMA treatment and phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein after PMA and DAG treatment. Specific isoforms were inhibited by using both antisense oligonucleotides and pharmacological agents. The data showed partial cytosol-to-membrane translocation of isoforms
,
I, and
and complete translocation of PKC
and PKD in response to PMA. Furthermore, antisense treatment and pharmacological studies indicated that the novel isoform PKC
and PKD are both required for PMA- and DAG-induced MARCKS phosphorylation and hyperpermeability in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, whereas isoforms
,
I, and
were dispensable with regard to these same phenomena.
signal transduction; permeability; myristolated alanine-rich C kinase substrate; microvasculature; pulmonary endothelium
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