AJP - Cell Physiology, Vol 259, Issue 1 C3-18, Copyright © 1990 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Calcium channels, potassium channels, and voltage dependence of arterial smooth muscle tone

M. T. Nelson, J. B. Patlak, J. F. Worley and N. B. Standen
Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.

Resistance arteries exist in a maintained contracted state from which they can dilate or constrict depending on need. In many cases, these arteries constrict to membrane depolarization and dilate to membrane hyperpolarization and Ca-channel blockers. We discuss recent information on the regulation of arterial smooth muscle voltage-dependent Ca channels by membrane potential and vasoconstrictors and on the regulation of membrane potential and K channels by vasodilators. We show that voltage-dependent Ca channels in the steady state can be open and very sensitive to membrane potential changes in a range that occurs in resistance arteries with tone. Many synthetic and endogenous vasodilators act, at least in part, through membrane hyperpolarization caused by opening K channels. We discuss evidence that these vasodilators act on a common target, the ATP-sensitive K (KATP) channel that is inhibited by sulfonylurea drugs. We propose the following hypotheses that presently explain these findings: 1) arterial smooth muscle tone is regulated by membrane potential primarily through the voltage dependence of Ca channels; 2) many vasoconstrictors act, in part, by opening voltage-dependent Ca channels through membrane depolarization and activation by second messengers; and 3) many vasodilators work, in part, through membrane hyperpolarization caused by KATP channel activation.

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				M. Tofukuji, N. Matsuda, C. Dessy, K. G. Morgan, and F. W. Sellke INTRACELLULAR FREE CALCIUM ACCUMULATION IN FERRET VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE DURING CRYSTALLOID AND BLOOD CARDIOPLEGIC INFUSIONS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 1999; 118(1): 163 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. H. Cox and S. Petrou Ca2+ influx inhibits voltage-dependent and augments Ca2+-dependent K+ currents in arterial myocytes Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 1999; 277(1): C51 - C63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Long, Y. Zhao, L. Zhang, and L. D. Longo Role of Ca2+ channels in NE-induced increase in [Ca2+]i and tension in fetal and adult cerebral arteries Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 1999; 277(1): R286 - R294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-L. Beny Information Networks in the Arterial Wall Physiology, April 1, 1999; 14(2): 68 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Davis and M. A. Hill Signaling Mechanisms Underlying the Vascular Myogenic Response Physiol Rev, April 1, 1999; 79(2): 387 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. Massett, S. J. Lewis, J. N. Bates, and K. C. Kregel Modulation of temperature-induced tone by vasoconstrictor agents J Appl Physiol, March 1, 1999; 86(3): 963 - 969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Storme, R. L. Rairigh, T. A. Parker, D. N. Cornfield, J. P. Kinsella, and S. H. Abman K+-channel blockade inhibits shear stress-induced pulmonary vasodilation in the ovine fetus Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 1999; 276(2): L220 - L228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Marrelli, A. Khorovets, T. D. Johnson, W. F. Childres, and R. M. Bryan Jr. P2 purinoceptor-mediated dilations in the rat middle cerebral artery after ischemia-reperfusion Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): H33 - H41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. K. Bowles, Q. Hu, M. H. Laughlin, and M. Sturek Exercise training increases L-type calcium current density in coronary smooth muscle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): H2159 - H2169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Gollasch, G. C. Wellman, H. J. Knot, J. H. Jaggar, D. H. Damon, A. D. Bonev, and M. T. Nelson Ontogeny of Local Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Signals in Cerebral Arteries : Ca2+ Sparks as Elementary Physiological Events Circ. Res., November 30, 1998; 83(11): 1104 - 1114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A. Greenwood and W. A. Large Properties of a Cl- current activated by cell swelling in rabbit portal vein vascular smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1998; 275(5): H1524 - H1532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. X.-J. Yuan, A. M. Aldinger, M. Juhaszova, J. Wang, J. V. Conte Jr, S. P. Gaine, J. B. Orens, and L. J. Rubin Dysfunctional Voltage-Gated K+ Channels in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells of Patients With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Circulation, October 6, 1998; 98(14): 1400 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]