It is well known that cholinergic agents affect ganglion cell (GC) firing rates and light responses in the retinas of many species, but the specific receptor subtypes involved in mediating these effects have been only partially characterized. We sought to determine whether functional 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) contribute to the responses of specific retinal GC classes in rabbit retina. We used electrophysiology, pharmacology, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the pharmacological properties and expression of nAChR subtypes by specific rabbit retinal GC classes. Choline was used as an 7 nAChR agonist. Methyllycaconitine (MLA)was used as a competitive 7 nAChR antagonist. The application of choline prior to synaptic blockade resulted in changes in retinal GC activity, including increases or decreases in maintained firing and/or enhancement or suppression of light responses. Many physiologically identified GC types, including sustained OFF, sustained ON, transient OFF and transient ON cells, demonstrated responses to choline application while under synaptic blockade. The choline-induced responses could be blocked with MLA, confirming 7 nAChR activation. Individual choline-responsive GCs displayed mRNA transcripts consistent with the expression of functional 7 nAChRs. Other GCs demonstrated physiological responses and mRNA expression consistent with the expression both 7 and non-7 nAChRs. Thus, mRNA is present for multiple nAChR subunits in whole retina extracts, and functional 7 nAChRs are capable of modulating the responses of GCs in adult rabbit retina. We also demonstrate through physiological responses that subsets of GCs express more than one nAChR subtype.