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1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: delisser{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.
PECAM-1, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been implicated in angiogenesis, with recent evidence indicating the involvement of PECAM-1 in endothelial cell motility. The cytoplasmic domain of PECAM-1 contains two tyrosine residues, Y663 and Y686, that each fall within an immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif (ITIM). When phosphorylated these residues together mediate the binding of the protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2. As SHP-2 has been shown to be involved in the turnover of focal adhesions, phenomenon required for efficient cell motility, the association of this phosphatase with PECAM-1 via its ITIMs may represent a mechanism by which PECAM-1 might facilitate cell migration. Studies were therefore done with cell transfectants expressing wild type PECAM-1 or mutant PECAM-1 in which residues Y663 and Y686 were mutated. These mutations eliminated PECAM-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and the association of PECAM-1 with SHP-2, but did not impair the ability of the molecule to localize at intercellular junctions or bind homophilically. However, in vitro cell motility and tube formation stimulated by the expression of wild type PECAM-1 were abrogated by the mutation of these tyrosine residues. Importantly, during wound-induced migration, the number of focal adhesions, as well as the level of tyrosine phosphorylated paxillin detected in cells expressing wild type PECAM-1 were markedly reduced compared to control cells or transfectants with mutant PECAM-1. These data suggest that in vivo, the binding of SHP-2 to PECAM-1, via PECAM-1's ITIM domains, promotes the turnover of focal adhesions and hence endothelial cell motility.
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