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1 University of Catania
2 University of Palermo
3 University pf Palermo
4 University of Bonn
5 Institut fuer Genetik Uni Bonn
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: g.mudo{at}unipa.it.
In the adult skeletal muscle various kinds of trauma promote proliferation of satellite cells that differentiate into myoblasts forming new myofibers or to repair the damaged one. The aim of present work was to perform a comparative spatial and temporal analysis of Cx37, Cx39, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 expression in the adult regenerating skeletal muscle in response to crush injury. Within 24h from injury Cx37 expression was up-regulated in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and 5 days after injury Cx37 expressing cells were found inside the area of lesion and formed clusters generating new blood vessels with endothelial cells expressing Cx37. Three days after injury, Cx39 mRNA was selectively expressed in myogenin positive cells forming rows of closely apposed cell nuclei fusing in myotubes. Cx40 mRNA labelled cells were observed within 24 h from injury in the endothelium of blood vessels, and 5 days after lesion Cx40 labelled cells were found inside the area of lesion forming rows of myogenin positive closely apposed cell co-expressing Cx39. Within 24h from lesion both Cx43 and Cx45 mRNAs were up-regulated in individual cells and some of them were positive for M-cadherin. Three days after injury a large number of both Cx43 and Cx45 labelled cells were found inside the area of lesion. Taken together these results show that at least four connexins, out of five expressed in regenerating skeletal muscle, can be differentially involved in communication of myogenic cells during the process of cell proliferation, aggregation and fusion to form new myotubes or to repair damaged myofibers.
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