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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol (October 30, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00408.2003
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Submitted on September 24, 2003
Accepted on October 23, 2003

Expression of the aquaporin 1 (AQP1) water channel in normal human tissues: a semi-quantitative study using tissue microarray technology

Ali Mobasheri1* and David Marples2

1 Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
2 School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: a.mobasheri{at}liverpool.ac.uk.

Aquaporin water channels are a family of membrane proteins that facilitate water movement across biological membranes. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) has been found to be important in osmotic water movement across cell membranes of epithelial and endothelial barriers. However, the distribution of AQP1 in many normal human tissues is still unknown. The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative histomorphometric analysis to determine the tissue distribution and relative expression of AQP1 in normal human tissues using Tissue MicroArray (TMA) technology. The normal human TMAs employed in this study included cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic and pancreatobiliary, oral, salivary, nasal, mammary, fetal, endocrine, genital tract, central and peripheral nervous systems, urinary tract, skin, cartilage and other soft connective tissues. Immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative histomorphometric analysis confirmed the presence of AQP1 in endothelial barriers of almost all tissues and in many epithelial barriers. AQP1 was highly expressed in the renal cortex, choroid plexus and pancreatic ducts. AQP1 expression levels were surprisingly high in the anus, gallbladder and liver; moderate expression was also detected in the hippocampus and ependymal cells of the central nervous system. This is the first report of AQP1 protein distribution in normal human TMAs. These findings confirm the presence of AQP1 in human endothelia and selected water transporting epithelia and several new locations including mammary epithelium, articular chondrocytes, synoviocytes and synovial micro-vessels where AQP1 may be involved in milk production, chondrocyte volume regulation, synovial fluid secretion and homeostasis respectively.




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