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1 Centre of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
2 Centre of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
3 Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire (U769), INSERM, Chatenay-Malabry, France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: allen.kaasik{at}ut.ee.
Mitochondrial volume homeostasis is a housekeeping cellular function essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the organelle. Changes in mitochondrial volume have been associated with a wide range of important biological functions and pathologies. Mitochondrial matrix volume is controlled by osmotic balance between cytosol and mitochondria. Any dysbalance in the fluxes of the main intracellular ion, potassium, will thus affect the osmotic balance between cytosol and the matrix and promote the water movement between these two compartments. It has been hypothesized that activity of potassium efflux pathways exceeds the potassium influx in functioning mitochondria and that potassium concentration in matrix could be actually lower than in cytoplasm. This hypothesis provides clear-cut explanation for the mitochondrial swelling observed after mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial calcium overload or opening of permeability transition pore. It should be noted also that the rate of water flux into or out of the mitochondrion is determined not only by the osmotic gradient that acts as the driving force for water transport but also by the water permeability of the inner membrane. Recent data suggest that mitochondrial inner membrane has also specific water channels, aquaporins facilitating water movement between cytoplasm and matrix. Review discusses different phases of mitochondrial swelling and summarizes the potential effects of mitochondrial swelling on cell function
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