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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol (October 31, 2001). doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print October 31, 2001
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2001
Submitted on June 15, 2001
Accepted on October 19, 2001

Cell prestress. I. Stiffness and prestress are closely associated in adherent contractile cells

Ning Wang1*, Iva M Tolic-Norrelykke2, Jianxin Chen1, Srboljub M Mijailovich1, James P Butler1, Jeffrey J Fredberg1, and Dimitrije Stamenovic3

1 Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
2 Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Rugjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia (Hrvatska)
3 Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nwang{at}hsph.harvard.edu.

The tensegrity hypothesis holds that the cytoskeleton is a structure whose shape is stabilized predominantly by the tensile stresses borne by filamentous structures. Accordingly, cell stiffness must increase in proportion with the level of the tensile stress, which is called the prestress. Here we have tested that prediction in adherent human airway smooth muscle cells. Traction microscopy was used to measure the distribution of contractile stresses arising at the interface between each cell and its substrate; this distribution is called the traction field. Because the traction field must be balanced by tensile stresses within the cell body, the prestress could be computed. Cell stiffness (G) was measured by oscillatory magnetic twisting cytometry. As the contractile state of the cell was modulated using graded concentrations of relaxing or contracting agonists (isoproterenol or histamine, respectively), the mean prestress (pt) ranged from 350 to 1900 Pa. Over that range, cell stiffness increased linearly with the prestress: G (Pa) = 0.18 pt + 92. While this association does not necessarily preclude other interpretations, it is the hallmark of systems that secures shape stability mainly through the prestress. Regardless of mechanism, these data establish a strong association between stiffness of human airway smooth muscle cells and the level of tensile stress within the cytoskeleton.




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