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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol (August 13, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00207.2003
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Submitted on May 20, 2003
Accepted on August 10, 2003

Skeletal muscle LIM protein 1 (SLIM1/FHL1) induces {alpha} 5 {beta}1 integrin-dependent myocyte elongation

Meagan J McGrath1, Christina A Mitchell1, Imogen D Coghill1, Paul A Robinson1, and Susan Brown1*

1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: susan.brown{at}med.monash.edu.au.

Skeletal muscle LIM protein 1 (SLIM1/FHL1) contains four and a half LIM domains and is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Elevated SLIM1 mRNA expression has been associated with postnatal skeletal muscle growth and stretch-induced muscle hypertrophy in mice. Conversely, SLIM1 mRNA levels decrease during muscle atrophy. Together, these observations suggest a link between skeletal muscle growth and increased SLIM1 expression. However, the precise function of SLIM1 in skeletal muscle, specifically the role of SLIM1 during skeletal muscle differentiation, is not known. This study investigated the effect of increased SLIM1 expression during skeletal muscle differentiation. Western blot analysis showed an initial decrease followed by an increase in SLIM1 expression during differentiation. Overexpression of SLIM1 in Sol8 or C2C12 skeletal muscle cell lines, at levels observed during hypertrophy, induced distinct effects in differentiating myocytes and undifferentiated reserve cells, which were distinguished by differential staining for two markers of differentiation, MyoD and myogenin. In differentiating skeletal myocytes, SLIM1 overexpression induced hyper-elongation, which, by either plating cells on poly L-lysine or using a series of peptide blockade experiments, was shown to be specifically dependent upon ligand binding to the {alpha}5{beta}1 integrin. Whereas, in reserve cells SLIM1 overexpression induced the formation of multiple cytoplasmic protrusions (branching), which was also integrin mediated. These results suggest that SLIM1 may play an important role during the early stages of skeletal muscle differentiation, specifically in {alpha}5{beta}1 integrin-mediated signalling pathways.




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