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[1-42] channels
1 Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
2 Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Mental Health Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: joseph.kourie{at}anu.edu.au.
We found that the amyloid beta peptide A
[1-42] is capable of interacting with membrane and forming heterogeneous ion channels in the absence of any added Cu2+ or biological redox agents that have been reported to mediate A
[1-42] toxicity. The A
[1-42]-formed cation channel was inhibited by [Cu2+]cis in a voltage- and concentration-dependent manner between 0 and 250 µM. The [Cu2+]cis-induced channel inhibition is fully reversible at low concentrations between 50 and 100 µM [Cu2+]cis and partially reversible at 250 µM [Cu2+]cis. The inhibitory effects of [Cu2+]cis between 50 and 250 µM on the channel could not be reversed with addition of Cu2+-chelating agent clioquinol (CQ) at concentrations between 64 and 384 µM applied to the cis chamber. The effects of 200-250 µM [Cu2+]cis on the burst and intraburst kinetic parameters were not fully reversible neither with wash nor with 128 µM [CQ]cis. The kinetic analysis of the data indicate that Cu2+ induced inhibition was mediated via both desensitization and an open channel block mechanism and that Cu2+ binds to the histidine residues located at the mouth of the channel. It is proposed that the Cu2+-binding site of the A
[1-42]-formed channels are modulated with Cu2+ in a similar way to those of channels formed with PrP[106-126] suggesting a possible common mechanism for Cu2+ modulation of A
and PrP channel proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases.
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