Mammalian securin, pituitary tumor transforming gene (Pttg), regulates sister chromatid separation during mitosis. Mice deficient in Pttg expression exhibit organ-specific hypoplasia of testis, spleen, pituitary and post-maturity pancreatic -cells, pointing to a possible adult stem cell defect. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) contribute to bone, cartilage and fat tissue repair and regeneration, and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) have broader differentiation ability. Bone marrow cells derived under MAPC conditions are involved in a spectrum of tissue repair. We therefore tested whether Pttg deletion affects stem cell proliferation and differentiation. BMSCs were isolated under MAPC conditions although unlike MAPCs, WT and Pttg-/- BMSCs did not express Oct-4, and were ScaI-positive. WT and Pttg-/- cells did not differ in their ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic or hepatocyte-like cells, or in phenotypic markers. Cells underwent more than 100 population doublings, with no observed transforming events. Pttg-null BMSCs replicated 27% slower than WT. Pttg-/- BMSC senescence-associated -galactosidase activity was elevated, consistent with enhanced p21 protein levels. Using gene array assays, DNA repair genes were shown to be upregulated in Pttg-/- BMSCs, while genes involved in cell cycle progression were decreased. Separase, the protease regulated by Pttg, and was down-regulated in Pttg-/- BMSCs. Separase was constitutively phosphorylated in Pttg-/- cells, a modification likely serving as a compensatory mechanism for Pttg deletion. The results indicate that Pttg deletion reduces BMSC proliferation, renders cells more sensitive to hypoxia and enhances senescent features, thus pointing to a role for Pttg in the maintenance and proliferation of BMSC.