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1 Grup de Metabolisme Energetic i Nutricio. Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciencies de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigacio en Ciencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
2 Unitat de Biofisica. Departament de Ciencies Fisiologiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: magdalena.gianotti{at}uib.es.
In the present study we have investigated gender differences in rat liver mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Total mitochondrial population (M), as well as the heavy (M1), medium (M3) and light (M8) mitochondrial fractions - obtained by means of differential centrifugation steps at 1000xg, 3000xg and 8000xg, respectively - were isolated. Electron microscope analysis was carried out and mitochondrial protein content and cardiolipin levels, mitochondrial oxygen flux, ATP synthase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein levels were measured in each sample. Results indicate that mitochondria from females have higher protein content and cardiolipin levels, greater respiratory and phosphorylative capacities as well as higher energized mitochondria in respiratory state 3. Moreover, protein levels of TFAM were 4 times greater in females than in males. Gender differences in the aforementioned parameters were more patent in the isolated heavy M1 and M3 mitochondrial fractions. The present study demonstrates that gender-related differences in liver mitochondrial function are mainly due to a higher capacity and efficiency of substrate oxidation, likely related to greater mitochondrial machinery in females than in males, which is in accordance with greater mitochondrial differentiation in females.
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