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1 Research Services, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
2 Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: garmar{at}uic.edu.
The precise localization and role of InsP3Rs in cardiac muscle cells are largely unknown. It is believed that waves and oscillations in cytosolic free calcium triggered by activation of InsP3Rs underlie modifications of cellular responses that lead to changes in gene expression in other cells. However, how changes in cytosolic calcium alter gene expression in cardiac cells is unknown. Moreover, it is unclear how changes in cytosolic calcium that alter gene expression do so independently of effects of calcium on other cellular functions, such as contraction. Here we show that InsP3R type 2 is the only isoform present in cardiac myocytes isolated from neonatal mouse ventricules. We also show that InsP3Rs-2 are associated with the nucleus and that activation of InsP3Rs-2 with endothelin-1 or phenylephrine selectively increases transcription of atrial natriuretic factor and skeletal
-actin. InsP3Rs-2 are also in striations. Activation of InsP3Rs with Adenophostin-A in permeabilized cells induced calcium release in the nuclear domain and other regions of the cell away from the nucleus. Agonist-induced increase in gene expression and calcium release were blocked by the InsP3Rs inhibitors 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or XestosponginC. The spatial separation of InsP3Rs-2 provides support that microdomains of calcium discretely alter various cell processes. Our experiments suggest that calcium released by InsP3Rs-2 in the nuclear domain provides a direct mechanism for the control of gene expression whereas release of calcium in the cytoplasm may modulate other processes, such as contraction.
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