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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: C1183-C1191, 2008. First published March 19, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00568.2007
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MUSCLE CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL MOTILITY

Endogenous interferon-{gamma} is required for efficient skeletal muscle regeneration

Ming Cheng, Mai-Huong Nguyen, Giamila Fantuzzi, and Timothy J. Koh

Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Submitted 29 November 2007 ; accepted in final form 14 March 2008

The inflammatory response is thought to play important roles in tissue healing. The hypothesis of this study was that the inflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-{gamma} is produced endogenously following skeletal muscle injury and promotes efficient healing. We show that IFN-{gamma} is expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in skeletal muscle following injury, and that the time course of IFN-{gamma} expression correlated with the accumulation of macrophages, T-cells, and natural killer cells, as well as myoblasts, in damaged muscle. Cells of each type were isolated from injured muscle, and IFN-{gamma} expression was detected in each cell type. We also demonstrate that administration of an IFN-{gamma} receptor blocking antibody to wild-type mice impaired induction of interferon response factor-1, reduced cell proliferation, and decreased formation of regenerating fibers. IFN-{gamma} null mice showed similarly impaired muscle healing associated with impaired macrophage function and development of fibrosis. In vitro studies demonstrated that IFN-{gamma} and its receptor are expressed in the C2C12 muscle cell line, and that the IFN-{gamma} receptor blocking antibody reduced proliferation and fusion of these muscle cells. In summary, our results indicate that IFN-{gamma} promotes muscle healing, in part, by stimulating formation of new muscle fibers.

cytokine; inflammation; macrophage; tissue repair


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. J. Koh, Dept. of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor, Rm. 529 m/c 994, Chicago, IL 60612 (e-mail: tjkoh{at}uic.edu)






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