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CELLULAR METABOLISM

Vaticanol B, a resveratrol tetramer, regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation

¹Department of Neuroanatomy and ²Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science and ³Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa; ⁴Gifu Prefectural Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kakamigahara City, Gifu and ⁵Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan

Submitted 9 March 2007 ; accepted in final form 24 April 2007

Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in various pathological situations including inflammation. During a search for compounds that regulate ER stress, we identified vaticanol B, a tetramer of resveratrol, as an agent that protects against ER stress-induced cell death. Vaticanol B suppressed the induction of unfolded protein response-targeted genes such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) after cells were treated with ER stressors. Analysis in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 revealed that vaticanol B also possesses a strong anti-inflammatory activity. Production of a variety of inflammatory modulators such as tumor necrosis factor-, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E₂ was inhibited by vaticanol B to a much greater extent than by monomeric or dimeric resveratrol after exposure of cells to lipopolysaccharide. Further investigations to determine the common mechanisms underlying the regulation of ER stress and inflammation by vaticanol B disclosed an important role for vaticanol B in regulation of basic gene expression and in prevention of the protein leakage from the ER into the cytosol in both conditions. These results suggest that vaticanol B is a novel anti-inflammatory agent that improves the ER environment by reducing the protein load on the ER and by maintaining the membrane integrity of the ER.

gene expression; membrane integrity

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