Am J Physiol Cell Physiol AJP: Renal Physiology
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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292: C1599-C1605, 2007. First published December 20, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00428.2006
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CELLULAR METABOLISM

Pyruvate induces mitochondrial biogenesis by a PGC-1 {alpha}-independent mechanism

Leanne Wilson, Qing Yang, Joseph D. Szustakowski, P. Scott Gullicksen, and Reza Halse

Diabetes and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Submitted 10 August 2006 ; accepted in final form 19 December 2006

Oxidative cells increase mitochondrial mass in response to stimuli such as changes in energy demand or cellular differentiation. This plasticity enables the cell to adapt dynamically to achieve the necessary oxidative capacity. However, the pathways involved in triggering mitochondrial biogenesis are poorly defined. The present study examines the impact of altering energy provision on mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. C2C12 myoblasts were chronically treated with supraphysiological levels of sodium pyruvate for 72 h. Treated cells exhibited increased mitochondrial protein expression, basal respiratory rate, and maximal oxidative capacity. The increase in mitochondrial biogenesis was independent of increases in peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor-{gamma} coactivator-1{alpha} (PGC-1{alpha}) and PGC-1beta mRNA expression. To further assess whether PGC-1{alpha} expression was necessary for pyruvate action, cells were infected with adenovirus containing shRNA for PGC-1{alpha} before treatment with pyruvate. Despite a 70% reduction in PGC-1{alpha} mRNA, the effect of pyruvate was preserved. Furthermore, pyruvate induced mitochondrial biogenesis in primary myoblasts from PGC-1{alpha} null mice. These data suggest that regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by pyruvate in myoblasts is independent of PGC-1{alpha}, suggesting the existence of a novel energy-sensing pathway regulating oxidative capacity.

oxidative metabolism; peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor-{gamma} coactivator-1{alpha}, mitochondria; muscle


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: R. Halse, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (e-mail: reza.halse{at}novartis.com)






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