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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291: C1183-C1192, 2006. First published July 19, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00234.2006
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MITOCHONDRIAL MODELING AND FUNCTION

Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA in 10 commonly used inbred rat strains

Nancy E. Schlick,1,2 Michael I. Jensen-Seaman,2 Kimberly Orlebeke,2 Anne E. Kwitek,1,2 Howard J. Jacob,1,2,3 and Jozef Lazar2,4

1Department of Physiology, 2Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Departments of 3Pediatrics and 4Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Submitted 2 May 2006 ; accepted in final form 18 July 2006

Rat remains a major biomedical model system for common, complex diseases. The rat continues to gain importance as a model system with the completion of its full genomic sequence. Although the genomic sequence has generated much interest, only three complete sequences of the rat mitochondria exist. Therefore, to increase the knowledge of the rat genome, the entire mitochondrial genomes (16,307–16,315 bp) from 10 inbred rat strains (that are standard laboratory models around the world) and 2 wild rat strains were sequenced. We observed a total of 195 polymorphisms, 32 of which created an amino acid change (nonsynonymous substitutions) in 12 of the 13 protein coding genes within the mitochondrial genome. There were 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the tRNA genes, six in the 12S rRNA, and 12 in the 16S rRNA including 3 insertions/deletions. We found 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2 insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the D-loop. The inbred rat strains cluster phylogenetically into three distinct groups. The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. These data will enable investigators to rapidly assess the potential impact of the mitochondria in these rats on the physiology and the pathophysiology of phenotypes studied in these strains. Moreover, these data provide information that may be useful as new animal models, which result in novel combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, are developed.

genome; mitochondria


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. Lazar, Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., 5th Floor HRC, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509 (e-mail: jlazar{at}mcw.edu)






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