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GROWTH, DIFFERENTIATION, AND APOPTOSIS

Mechanism of induction of pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis by hydrogen sulfide

Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Submitted 27 October 2005 ; accepted in final form 30 March 2006

The present study investigated the mechanism of mouse pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis induced by H₂S in an in vitro system, using isolated pancreatic acini. Treatment of pancreatic acini with 10 µM NaHS (a donor of H₂S) for 3 h caused phosphatidylserine externalization as shown by annexin V binding, an indicator of early stages of apoptosis. This treatment also resulted in the activation of the caspase cascade and major changes at the mitochondrial level. Caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities were stimulated by H₂S treatment. Treatment with inhibitors of caspase-3, -8, and -9 significantly inhibited H₂S-induced phosphatidylserine externalization as shown by reduced annexin V staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential was collapsed in H₂S-treated acini as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy and quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the treatment of acini with H₂S caused the release of cytochrome c by the mitochondria. To investigate the mechanism underlying pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis, we also characterized the protein expression of a range of molecules that are each known to influence the apoptotic pathway. Among proapoptotic proteins, Bax expression was activated in H₂S-treated cells but not Bid, and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-X_L and Bcl-2 did not show any activation in pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis. The death effector domain-containing protein Flip is downregulated in H₂S-treated acini. These results demonstrate the induction of pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in vitro by H₂S and the involvement of both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in the process of apoptosis.

caspase; H₂S; mitochondria; Bcl-2; Flip

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