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EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, CELL INTERACTIONS

Role of boundary conditions in an experimental model of epithelial wound healing

Djordje L. Nikoli,¹ Alistair N. Boettiger,² Dafna Bar-Sagi,³ Jeffrey D. Carbeck,¹ and Stanislav Y. Shvartsman^1,4

¹Department of Chemical Engineering and ²Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton; ³Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York; and ⁴Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

Submitted 12 August 2005 ; accepted in final form 19 February 2006

Coordinated cell movements in epithelial layers are essential for proper tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis, but our understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate the behavior of multiple cells in these processes is far from complete. Recent experiments with Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial monolayers revealed a wave-like pattern of injury-induced MAPK activation and showed that it is essential for collective cell migration after wounding. To investigate the effects of the different aspects of wounding on cell sheet migration, we engineered a system that allowed us to dissect the classic wound healing assay. We studied Madin-Darby canine kidney sheet migration under three different conditions: 1) the classic wound healing assay, 2) empty space induction, where a confluent monolayer is grown adjacent to a slab of polydimethylsiloxane and the monolayer is not injured but allowed to migrate upon removal of the slab, and 3) injury via polydimethylsiloxane membrane peel-off, where an injured monolayer migrates onto plain tissue culture surface, as in the case of empty space induction allowing for direct comparison. By tracking the motion of individual cells within the sheet under these three conditions, we show how the dynamics of the individual cells’ motion is responsible for the coordinated migration of the sheet and is coordinated with the activation of ERK1/2 MAPK. In addition, we demonstrate that the propagation of the waves of MAPK activation depends on the generation of reactive oxygen species at the wound edge.

ERK; reactive oxygen species; coordinated cell sheet migration; cell communication; multicellular dynamics; surface patterning

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