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MUSCLE CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL MOTILITY

Mechanical load-dependent regulation of satellite cell and fiber size in rat soleus muscle

¹Graduate School of Medicine and ²Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka; ³Department of Physiology II, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo; and ⁴Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan

Submitted 17 June 2005 ; accepted in final form 11 November 2005

The effects of mechanical unloading and reloading on the properties of rat soleus muscle fibers were investigated in male Wistar Hannover rats. Satellite cells in the fibers of control rats were distributed evenly throughout the fiber length. After 16 days of hindlimb unloading, the number of satellite cells in the central, but not the proximal or distal, region of the fiber was decreased. The number of satellite cells in the central region gradually increased during the 16-day period of reloading. The mean sarcomere length in the central region of the fibers was passively shortened during unloading due to the plantarflexed position at the ankle joint: sarcomere length was maintained at <2.1 µm, which is a critical length for tension development. Myonuclear number and domain size, fiber cross-sectional area, and the total number of mitotically active and quiescent satellite cells of whole muscle fibers were lower than control fibers after 16 days of unloading. These values then returned to control values after 16 days of reloading. These results suggest that satellite cells play an important role in the regulation of muscle fiber properties. The data also indicate that the satellite cell-related regulation of muscle fiber properties is dependent on the level of mechanical loading, which, in turn, is influenced by the mean sarcomere length. However, it is still unclear why the region-specific responses, which were obvious in satellite cells, were not induced in myonuclear number and fiber cross-sectional area.

sarcomere

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