Am J Physiol Cell Physiol AJP citation statistics
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290: C1139-C1146, 2006. First published November 16, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2005
0363-6143/06 $8.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
290/4/C1139    most recent
00415.2005v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (15)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Malladi, P.
Right arrow Articles by Longaker, M. T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Malladi, P.
Right arrow Articles by Longaker, M. T.

GROWTH, DIFFERENTIATION, AND APOPTOSIS

Effect of reduced oxygen tension on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells

Preeti Malladi,1,* Yue Xu,1,* Michael Chiou,1 Amato J. Giaccia,2 and Michael T. Longaker1

1Children's Surgical Research Program, Department of Surgery, and 2Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

Submitted 16 August 2005 ; accepted in final form 14 November 2005

Recent studies have demonstrated that adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (AMCs) offer great promise for cell-based therapies because of their ability to differentiate toward bone, cartilage, and fat. Given that cartilage is an avascular tissue and that mesenchymal cells experience hypoxia during prechondrogenic condensation in endochondral ossification, the goal of this study was to understand the influence of oxygen tension on AMC differentiation into bone and cartilage. In vitro chondrogenesis was induced using a three-dimensional micromass culture model supplemented with TGF-beta1. Collagen II production and extracellular matrix proteoglycans were assessed with immunohistochemistry and Alcian blue staining, respectively. Strikingly, micromasses differentiated in reduced oxygen tension (2% O2) showed markedly decreased chondrogenesis. Osteogenesis was induced using osteogenic medium supplemented with retinoic acid or vitamin D and was assessed with alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. AMCs differentiated in both 21 and 2% O2 environments. However, osteogenesis was severely diminished in a low-oxygen environment. These data demonstrated that hypoxia strongly inhibits in vitro chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in AMCs.

cartilage; bone


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. T. Longaker, Children's Surgical Research, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Univ. School of Medicine, Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratory, 257 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305 (e-mail: longaker{at}stanford.edu)






HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online
Copyright © 2006 by the American Physiological Society.