HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 290/4/C1139    most recent 00415.2005v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (11) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Malladi, P. Articles by Longaker, M. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Malladi, P. Articles by Longaker, M. T.

GROWTH, DIFFERENTIATION, AND APOPTOSIS

Effect of reduced oxygen tension on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells

¹Children's Surgical Research Program, Department of Surgery, and ²Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

Submitted 16 August 2005 ; accepted in final form 14 November 2005

Recent studies have demonstrated that adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (AMCs) offer great promise for cell-based therapies because of their ability to differentiate toward bone, cartilage, and fat. Given that cartilage is an avascular tissue and that mesenchymal cells experience hypoxia during prechondrogenic condensation in endochondral ossification, the goal of this study was to understand the influence of oxygen tension on AMC differentiation into bone and cartilage. In vitro chondrogenesis was induced using a three-dimensional micromass culture model supplemented with TGF-1. Collagen II production and extracellular matrix proteoglycans were assessed with immunohistochemistry and Alcian blue staining, respectively. Strikingly, micromasses differentiated in reduced oxygen tension (2% O₂) showed markedly decreased chondrogenesis. Osteogenesis was induced using osteogenic medium supplemented with retinoic acid or vitamin D and was assessed with alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. AMCs differentiated in both 21 and 2% O₂ environments. However, osteogenesis was severely diminished in a low-oxygen environment. These data demonstrated that hypoxia strongly inhibits in vitro chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in AMCs.

cartilage; bone

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. Rosova, M. Dao, B. Capoccia, D. Link, and J. A. Nolta Hypoxic Preconditioning Results in Increased Motility and Improved Therapeutic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stem Cells, August 1, 2008; 26(8): 2173 - 2182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Martin-Rendon, S. J.M. Hale, D. Ryan, D. Baban, S. P. Forde, M. Roubelakis, D. Sweeney, M. Moukayed, A. L. Harris, K. Davies, et al. Transcriptional Profiling of Human Cord Blood CD133+ and Cultured Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Response to Hypoxia Stem Cells, April 1, 2007; 25(4): 1003 - 1012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]