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PROTEIN AND VESICLE TRAFFICKING, CYTOSKELETON
1Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich; and 2Division of Metabolism and Molecular Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
Submitted 23 August 2005 ; accepted in final form 23 November 2005
Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of 
-galactosidase A (-Gal A) resulting in lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipid globotriosylceramide Gb3. Misfolded -Gal A variants can have residual enzyme activity but are unstable. Their lysosomal trafficking is impaired because they are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by quality control. Subinhibitory doses of the competitive inhibitor of -Gal A, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin (DGJ), stabilize mutant -Gal A in vitro and correct the trafficking defect. We showed by immunolabeling that the chaperone-like action of DGJ significantly reduces the lysosomal Gb3 storage in human Fabry fibroblasts harboring the novel mutations T194I and V390fsX8. The specificity of the DGJ effect was proven by RNA interference. Electron microscopic morphometry demonstrated a reduction of large-size, disease-associated lysosomes and loss of characteristic multilamellar lysosomal inclusions on DGJ treatment. In addition, the pre-Golgi intermediates were decreased. However, the rough ER was not different between DGJ-treated and untreated cells. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that DGJ treatment resulted in maturation and stabilization of mutant -Gal A. Genes involved in cell stress signaling, heat shock response, unfolded protein response, and ER-associated degradation show no apparent difference in expression between untreated and DGJ-treated fibroblasts. The DGJ treatment has no apparent cytotoxic effects. Thus our data show the usefulness of a pharmacological chaperone for correction of the lysosomal storage in Fabry fibroblasts harboring different mutations with residual enzyme activity. Pharmacological chaperones acting on misfolded, unstable mutant proteins that exhibit residual biological activity offer a convenient and cost-efficient therapeutic strategy.
protein trafficking; Gb3 storage; lysosomes
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