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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290: C433-C443, 2006. First published September 14, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00135.2005
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RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Interferon-{gamma} activates transcription of NADPH oxidase 1 gene and upregulates production of superoxide anion by human large intestinal epithelial cells

Yuki Kuwano,1 Tsukasa Kawahara,1 Hironori Yamamoto,2 Shigetada Teshima-Kondo,3 Kumiko Tominaga,3 Kiyoshi Masuda,3 Kyoichi Kishi,1 Kyoko Morita,3 and Kazuhito Rokutan3,4

Departments of 1Nutritional Physiology, 2Clinical Nutrition, and 3Stress Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima; and 4Research Institute of Science and Technology for Science, Japan Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Submitted 22 March 2005 ; accepted in final form 9 September 2005

NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a homolog of gp91phox, is dominantly expressed in large intestinal epithelium, and reactive oxygen species derived from Nox1 are suggested to serve a role in host defense. We report that interferon (IFN)-{gamma}, a crucial transactivator of the gp91phox gene, also stimulates expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein in large intestinal epithelium (T84 cells), leading to fourfold upregulation of superoxide anion (O2–) generation. Introduction of small interfering Nox1 RNA completely blocked this priming. We cloned the region from –4,831 to +195 bp of the human Nox1 gene. To reveal IFN-{gamma}-responsive cis elements, we performed transient expression assays using a reporter gene driven by serially truncated Nox1 promoters in T84 cells. IFN-{gamma}-responsive elements were located between –4.3 and –2.6 kb, and one {gamma}-activated sequence (GAS) element present at –3,818 to –3,810 bp exhibited this IFN-{gamma}-dependent promoter activity. IFN-{gamma} caused tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and produced a protein-GAS complex that was recognized by anti-STAT1 antibody. The introduction of three-point mutation of GAS, which did not interact with STAT1, completely canceled the IFN-{gamma}-dependent promoter activity of the region from –4,831 to +195 bp. A Janus protein tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor (AG490) blocked the IFN-{gamma}-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, promoter activity of the –4,831 to +195 bp region, Nox1 mRNA expression, and O2– production, also suggesting a crucial role of STAT1 and GAS in the IFN-{gamma}-stimulated transcription of the Nox1 gene. Our results support a potential contribution of Nox1 to mucosal host defense and inflammation in the colon.

signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; {gamma}-activated sequence; host defense


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: K. Rokutan, Dept. of Stress Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The Univ. of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan (e-mail: rokutan{at}basic.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp)




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