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MUSCLE CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL MOTILITY

Expression and functional properties of four slow skeletal troponin T isoforms in rat muscles

¹Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génie Génétique, Université de Liège, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Liege, Belgium; ²Laboratoire de Plasticité Neuromusculaire, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 118, Unité Propre de Recherches de l’Enseignement Supérieur Équipe d’Accueil 1032, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France; and ³Section of Molecular Cardiology, Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois

Submitted 28 July 2004 ; accepted in final form 21 March 2005

We investigated the expression and functional properties of slow skeletal troponin T (sTnT) isoforms in rat skeletal muscles. Four sTnT cDNAs were cloned from the slow soleus muscle. Three isoforms were found to be similar to sTnT1, sTnT2, and sTnT3 isoforms described in mouse muscles. A new rat isoform, with a molecular weight slightly higher than that of sTnT3, was discovered. This fourth isoform had never been detected previously in any skeletal muscle and was therefore called sTnTx. From both expression pattern and functional measurements, it appears that sTnT isoforms can be separated into two classes, high-molecular-weight (sTnT1, sTnT2) and low-molecular-weight (sTnTx, sTnT3) isoforms. By comparison to the apparent migration pattern of the four recombinant sTnT isoforms, the newly described low-molecular-weight sTnTx isoform appeared predominantly and typically expressed in fast skeletal muscles, whereas the higher-molecular-weight isoforms were more abundant in slow soleus muscle. The relative proportion of the sTnT isoforms in the soleus was not modified after exposure to hindlimb unloading (HU), known to induce a functional atrophy and a slow-to-fast isoform transition of several myofibrillar proteins. Functional data gathered from replacement of endogenous troponin complexes in skinned muscle fibers showed that the sTnT isoforms modified the Ca²⁺ activation characteristics of single skeletal muscle fibers, with sTnT2 and sTnT1 conferring a similar increase in Ca²⁺ affinity higher than that caused by low-molecular-weight isoforms sTnTx and sTnT3. Thus we show for the first time the presence of sTnT in fast muscle fibers, and our data show that the changes in neuromuscular activity on HU are insufficient to alter the sTnT expression pattern.

skinned fibers; skeletal muscle; troponin subunit exchange; hindlimb unloading; atrophy

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