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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 289: C372-C378, 2005. First published March 30, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00035.2005
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CELLULAR METABOLISM

Gender dimorphism in rat liver mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and biogenesis

Roberto Justo,1 Jordi Boada,2 Margalida Frontera,1 Jordi Oliver,1 Jordi Bermúdez,2 and Magdalena Gianotti1

1Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; and 2Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Submitted 27 January 2005 ; accepted in final form 25 March 2005

In the present study, we have investigated gender differences in rat liver mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Total mitochondrial population (M) as well as the heavy (M1), medium (M3), and light (M8) mitochondrial fractions obtained by means of differential centrifugation steps at 1,000, 3,000, and 8,000 g, respectively, were isolated. Electron microscopic analysis was performed and mitochondrial protein content and cardiolipin levels, mitochondrial O2 flux, ATP synthase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein levels were measured in each sample. Our results indicate that mitochondria from females have higher protein content and higher cardiolipin levels, greater respiratory and phosphorylative capacities, and more-energized mitochondria in respiratory state 3. Moreover, protein levels of TFAM were four times greater in females than in males. Gender differences in the aforementioned parameters were more patent in the isolated heavy M1 and M3 mitochondrial fractions. The present study demonstrates that gender-related differences in liver mitochondrial function are due mainly to a higher capacity and efficiency of substrate oxidation, likely related to greater mitochondrial machinery in females than in males, which is in accord with greater mitochondrial differentiation in females.

energy metabolism; mitochondrial biogenesis; high-resolution respirometry; mitochondrial membrane potential; mitochondrial transcription factor A


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. Gianotti, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (e-mail: magdalena.gianotti{at}uib.es)




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