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MUSCLE CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL MOTILITY
Departments of 1Anatomy, 2Medicine, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and 4Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3; 5Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46220; 6Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3J7; and 7The UBC McDonald Research Laboratories/The iCAPTURE Centre, Saint Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6Z 1Y6
Submitted 10 March 2003 ; accepted in final form 13 April 2003
Airway smooth muscle is able to adapt and maintain a nearly constant maximal force generation over a large length range. This implies that a fixed filament lattice such as that found in striated muscle may not exist in this tissue and that plastic remodeling of its contractile and cytoskeletal filaments may be involved in the process of length adaptation that optimizes contractile filament overlap. Here, we show that isometric force produced by airway smooth muscle is independent of muscle length over a twofold length change; cell cross-sectional area was inversely proportional to cell length, implying that the cell volume was conserved at different lengths; shortening velocity and myosin filament density varied similarly to length change: increased by 69.4% ± 5.7 (SE) and 76.0% ± 9.8, respectively, for a 100% increase in cell length. Muscle power output, ATPase rate, and myosin filament density also have the same dependence on muscle cell length: increased by 35.4% ± 6.7, 34.6% ± 3.4, and 35.6% ± 10.6, respectively, for a 50% increase in cell length. The data can be explained by a model in which additional contractile units containing myosin filaments are formed and placed in series with existing contractile units when the muscle is adapted at a longer length.
muscle contraction; myosin filaments; ATPase activity; electron microscopy
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