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MUSCLE CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL MOTILITY

Structure-function correlation in airway smooth muscle adapted to different lengths

Departments of ¹Anatomy, ²Medicine, ³Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ⁴Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3; ⁵Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46220; ⁶Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3J7; and ⁷The UBC McDonald Research Laboratories/The iCAPTURE Centre, Saint Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6Z 1Y6

Submitted 10 March 2003 ; accepted in final form 13 April 2003

Airway smooth muscle is able to adapt and maintain a nearly constant maximal force generation over a large length range. This implies that a fixed filament lattice such as that found in striated muscle may not exist in this tissue and that plastic remodeling of its contractile and cytoskeletal filaments may be involved in the process of length adaptation that optimizes contractile filament overlap. Here, we show that isometric force produced by airway smooth muscle is independent of muscle length over a twofold length change; cell cross-sectional area was inversely proportional to cell length, implying that the cell volume was conserved at different lengths; shortening velocity and myosin filament density varied similarly to length change: increased by 69.4% ± 5.7 (SE) and 76.0% ± 9.8, respectively, for a 100% increase in cell length. Muscle power output, ATPase rate, and myosin filament density also have the same dependence on muscle cell length: increased by 35.4% ± 6.7, 34.6% ± 3.4, and 35.6% ± 10.6, respectively, for a 50% increase in cell length. The data can be explained by a model in which additional contractile units containing myosin filaments are formed and placed in series with existing contractile units when the muscle is adapted at a longer length.

muscle contraction; myosin filaments; ATPase activity; electron microscopy

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