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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 283: C1324-C1331, 2002. First published June 20, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00363.2001
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Vol. 283, Issue 4, C1324-C1331, October 2002

Expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha - and beta -isoforms in human cells and tissues

Laura Pujols1, Joaquim Mullol1,2, Jordi Roca-Ferrer1, Alfons Torrego1,3, Antoni Xaubet1,3, John A. Cidlowski4, and César Picado1,3

1 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 2 Servei d'Otorinolaringologia, and 3 Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lèrgia Respiratòria-Institut Clínic de Pneumologia i Cirurgia Toràcica, Hospital Clínic, Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; and 4 Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Alternative splicing of the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) primary transcript generates two protein isoforms: GR-alpha and GR-beta . We investigated the expression of both GR isoforms in healthy human cells and tissues. GR-alpha mRNA abundance (×106 cDNA copies/µg total RNA) was as follows: brain (3.83 ± 0.80) > skeletal muscle > macrophages > lung > kidney > liver > heart > eosinophils > peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) > nasal mucosa > neutrophils > colon (0.33 ± 0.04). GR-beta mRNA was much less expressed than GR-alpha mRNA. Its abundance (×103 cDNA copies/µg total RNA) was as follows: eosinophils (1.55 ± 0.58) > PBMCs > liver >=  skeletal muscle > kidney > macrophages > lung > neutrophils > brain >=  nasal mucosa > heart (0.15 ± 0.08). GR-beta mRNA was not found in colon. While GR-alpha protein was detected in all cells and tissues, GR-beta was not detected in any specimen. Our results suggest that, in physiological conditions, the default splicing pathway is the one leading to GR-alpha . The alternative splicing event leading to GR-beta is minimally activated.

reverse transcriptase-competitive polymerase chain reaction; Western blotting; healthy human tissues; inflammatory cells


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