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-MHC promoter activity in
rodent fast muscle via the proximal MCAT (
e3) site
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
Functional overload (OL)
of the rat plantaris muscle by the removal of synergistic muscles
induces a shift in the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression
profile from the fast isoforms toward the slow type I, or,
-MHC
isoform. Different length rat
-MHC promoters were linked to a
firefly luciferase reporter gene and injected in control and OL
plantaris muscles. Reporter activities of
3,500,
914,
408, and
215 bp promoters increased in response to 1 wk of OL. The smallest
171 bp promoter was not responsive to OL. Mutation analyses of
putative regulatory elements within the
171 and
408 bp region were
performed. The
408 bp promoters containing mutations of the
e1,
distal muscle CAT (MCAT;
e2), CACC, or A/T-rich (GATA), were still
responsive to OL. Only the proximal MCAT (
e3) mutation abolished the
OL response. Gel mobility shift assays revealed a significantly higher
level of complex formation of the
e3 probe with nuclear protein from
OL plantaris compared with control plantaris. These results suggest
that the
e3 site functions as a putative OL-responsive element in
the rat
-MHC gene promoter.
gel mobility shift assay; plantaris muscle; direct gene transfer; dual luciferase;
-myosin heavy chain
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