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Departments of 1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3 Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 2 Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
We have cloned a new subtype of the
amino acid transport system N2 (SN2 or second subtype of system N) from
rat brain. Rat SN2 consists of 471 amino acids and belongs to the
recently identified glutamine transporter gene family that consists of
system N and system A. Rat SN2 exhibits 63% identity with rat SN1. It
also shows considerable sequence identity (50-56%) with the
members of the amino acid transporter A subfamily. In the rat, SN2 mRNA is most abundant in the liver but is detectable in the brain, lung,
stomach, kidney, testis, and spleen. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in mammalian cells, rat SN2 mediates
Na+-dependent transport of several neutral amino acids,
including glycine, asparagine, alanine, serine, glutamine, and
histidine. The transport process is electrogenic, Li+
tolerant, and pH sensitive. The transport mechanism involves the influx
of Na+ and amino acids coupled to the efflux of
H+, resulting in intracellular alkalization. Proline,
-(methylamino)isobutyric acid, and anionic and cationic amino acids
are not recognized by rat SN2.
system N2; electrogenicity; proton transport; glutamine transporter family
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