Am J Physiol Cell Physiol AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology
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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281: C1743-C1756, 2001;
0363-6143/01 $5.00
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Vol. 281, Issue 6, C1743-C1756, December 2001

INVITED REVIEW
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca2+ channels (CaV1.2a,b) by protein kinases

Kathleen D. Keef1, Joseph R. Hume1,2, and Juming Zhong2

1 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557

High voltage-activated Ca2+ channels of the CaV1.2 class (L-type) are crucial for excitation-contraction coupling in both cardiac and smooth muscle. These channels are regulated by a variety of second messenger pathways that ultimately serve to modulate the level of contractile force in the tissue. The specific focus of this review is on the most recent advances in our understanding of how cardiac CaV1.2a and smooth muscle CaV1.2b channels are regulated by different kinases, including cGMP-dependent protein kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase C. This review also discusses recent evidence regarding the regulation of these channels by protein tyrosine kinase, calmodulin-dependent kinase, purified G protein subunits, and identification of possible amino acid residues of the channel responsible for kinase regulation.

cGMP-dependent protein kinase; cAMP-dependent protein kinase; protein kinase C; G proteins


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