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1 Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688; 2 Department of Cell Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; 3 Molecular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; 4 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford 94305; 5 Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, California 94304; 6 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224; 7 Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; 8 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorada 80262; and 9 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes, Division of Lung Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Endothelium critically regulates systemic and pulmonary vascular function, playing a central role in hemostasis, inflammation, vasoregulation, angiogenesis, and vascular growth. Indeed, the endothelium integrates signals originating in the circulation with those in the vessel wall to coordinate vascular function. This highly metabolic role differs significantly from the historic view of endothelium, in which it was considered to be merely an inert barrier. New lines of evidence may further change our understanding of endothelium, in regard to both its origin and function. Embryological studies suggest that the endothelium arises from different sites, including angiogenesis of endothelium from macrovascular segments and vasculogenesis of endothelium from microcirculatory segments. These findings suggest an inherent phenotypic distinction between endothelial populations based on their developmental origin. Similarly, diverse environmental cues influence endothelial cell phenotype, critical to not only normal function but also the function of a diseased vessel. Consequently, an improved understanding of site-specific endothelial cell function is essential, particularly with consideration to environmental stimuli present both in the healthy vessel and in development of vasculopathic disease states. The need to examine endothelial cell phenotypes in the context of vascular function served as the basis for a recent workshop sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). This report is a synopsis of pertinent topics that were discussed, and future goals and research opportunities identified by the participants of the workshop are presented.
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