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Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
The purpose of this study was to
1) examine single cell contractile mechanics of
skeletal muscle before and after 12 wk of progressive resistance
training (PRT) in older women (n = 7; 74 ± 2 yr)
and 2) to compare these results to our previously completed single cell PRT work with older men (n = 7; 74 ± 2 yr) (Trappe S, Williamson D, Godard M, Porter D, Rowden G, and
Costill D. J Applied Physiol 89:143-152, 2000).
Knee extensor PRT was performed 3 days/wk at 80% of one-repetition
maximum. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before
and after the PRT. Chemically skinned single muscle fibers
(n = 313) were studied at 15°C for peak tension
(Po), unloaded shortening velocity
(Vo), and power. Due to the low number of hybrid
fibers identified post-PRT, direct comparisons were limited to MHC I
and IIa fibers. Muscle fiber diameter increased 24% (90 ± 2 to
112 ± 6 µm; P < 0.05) in MHC I fibers with no
change in MHC IIa fibers. Po increased (P < 0.05) 33% in MHC I (0.76 ± 0.04 to 1.01 ± 0.09 mN) and
14% in MHC IIa (0.73 ± 0.04 to 0.83 ± 0.05 mN) fibers.
Muscle fiber Vo was unaltered in both fiber
types with PRT. MHC I and IIa fiber power increased (P < 0.05) 50% [11 ± 2 to 17 ± 2 µN · fiber
length (FL) · s
1] and 25% (40 ± 8 to
51 ± 6 µN · FL · s1),
respectively. However, when peak power was normalized to cell size, no
pre- to postimprovements were observed. These data indicate that PRT in
elderly women increases muscle cell size, strength, and peak power in
both slow and fast muscle fibers, which was similar to the older men.
However, in contrast to the older men, no change in fiber
Vo or normalized power was observed in the older
women. These data suggest that older men and women respond differently
at the muscle cell level to the same resistance-training stimulus.
aging; skeletal muscle; myofiber; myosin heavy chain
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