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inhibits flow and insulin signaling leading
to NO production in aortic endothelial cells
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
Endothelial cells release nitric oxide
(NO) acutely in response to increased "flow" or fluid shear stress
(FSS), and the increase in NO production is correlated with enhanced
phosphorylation and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
(eNOS). Both vascular endothelial growth factor and FSS activate
endothelial protein kinase B (PKB) by way of incompletely understood
pathway(s), and, in turn, PKB phosphorylates eNOS at Ser-1179, causing
its activation. In this study, we found that either FSS or insulin
stimulated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine and serine
phosphorylation and increased IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase activity, phosphorylation of PKB Ser-473, phosphorylation of
eNOS Ser-1179, and NO production. Brief pretreatment of bovine aortic
endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor-
(TNF-
) inhibited
the above described FSS- or insulin-stimulated protein phosphorylation
events and almost totally inhibited FSS- or insulin-stimulated NO
production. These data indicate that FSS and insulin regulate eNOS
phosphorylation and NO production by overlapping mechanisms. This study
suggests one potential mechanism for the development of endothelial
dysfunction in disease states with alterations in insulin regulation
and increased TNF-
levels.
insulin receptor substrate-1; tyrosine phosphorylation; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; endothelial nitric oxide synthase
phosphorylation; tumor necrosis factor-
; nitric oxide
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