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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C611-C618, 2000;
0363-6143/00 $5.00
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Vol. 279, Issue 3, C611-C618, September 2000

Skeletal muscle fiber quality in older men and women

Walter R. Frontera1,2, Dongwon Suh2, Lisa S. Krivickas2, Virginia A. Hughes1, Richard Goldstein2, and Ronenn Roubenoff1

1 Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston 02111; and 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

Whole muscle strength and cross-sectional area (WMCSA), and contractile properties of chemically skinned segments from single fibers of the quadriceps were studied in 7 young men (YM, 36.5 ± 3.0 yr), 12 older men (OM, 74.4 ± 5.9 yr), and 12 older women (OW, 72.1 ± 4.3 yr). WMCSA was smaller in OM compared with YM (56.1 ± 10.1 vs. 79.7 ± 13.1 cm2; P = 0.031) and in OW (44.9 ± 7.5; P < 0.003) compared with OM. Age-related, but not sex-related, differences in strength were eliminated after adjusting for WMCSA. Maximal force was measured in 552 type I and 230 type IIA fibers. Fibers from YM (type I = 725 ± 221; type IIA = 792 ± 271 µN) were stronger (P < 0.001) than fibers from OM (I = 505 ± 179; IIA = 577 ± 262 µN) even after correcting for size. Type IIA fibers were stronger (P < 0.005) than type I fibers in YM and OM but not in OW (I = 472 ± 154; IIA = 422 ± 97 µN). Sex-related differences in type I and IIA fibers were dependent on fiber size. In conclusion, differences in WMCSA explain age-related differences in strength. An intrinsic defect in contractile proteins could explain weakness in single fibers from OM. Sex-related differences exist at the whole muscle and single fiber levels.

sarcopenia; chemically skinned segments of single fibers; aging; specific force


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