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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C541-C566, 2000;
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Vol. 279, Issue 3, C541-C566, September 2000

INVITED REVIEW
Mechanisms of sodium pump regulation

Alex G. Therien and Rhoda Blostein

Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4

The Na+-K+-ATPase, or sodium pump, is the membrane-bound enzyme that maintains the Na+ and K+ gradients across the plasma membrane of animal cells. Because of its importance in many basic and specialized cellular functions, this enzyme must be able to adapt to changing cellular and physiological stimuli. This review presents an overview of the many mechanisms in place to regulate sodium pump activity in a tissue-specific manner. These mechanisms include regulation by substrates, membrane-associated components such as cytoskeletal elements and the gamma -subunit, and circulating endogenous inhibitors as well as a variety of hormones, including corticosteroids, peptide hormones, and catecholamines. In addition, the review considers the effects of a range of specific intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of pump activity and subcellular distribution, with particular consideration given to the effects of protein kinases and phosphatases.

gamma -subunit; dopamine; norepinephrine; aldosterone; protein kinase A; protein kinase C


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