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Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding
protein (TonEBP) is the transcription factor that regulates
tonicity-responsive expression of the genes for the
sodium-myo-inositol cotransporter
(SMIT) and the sodium-chloride-betaine cotransporter (BGT1).
Hypertonicity stimulates the activity of TonEBP due to a combination of
increased protein abundance and increased nuclear distribution
(proportion of TonEBP that is in the nucleus). We found that inhibitors
of proteasome activity markedly reduce the induction of SMIT and BGT1
mRNA in response to hypertonicity. These inhibitors also reduce
hypertonicity-induced stimulation of expression of a reporter gene
controlled by the tonicity-responsive enhancer. Western and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the proteasome inhibitors reduce the hypertonicity-induced increase of TonEBP in the nucleus by
inhibiting its nuclear redistribution without affecting its abundance.
Although the nuclear distribution of TonEBP is sensitive to inhibition
of proteasome activity as is that of nuclear factor (NF)-
B, the
signaling pathways appear to be different in that hypertonicity does
not affect the nuclear distribution of NF-
B. Conversely, treatment
with tumor necrosis factor-
increases the nuclear distribution of
NF-
B but not TonEBP.
hypertonicity-stimulated transcription; sodium-myo-inositol cotransporter; sodium-chloride-betaine cotransporter
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