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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 277: C673-C683, 1999;
0363-6143/99 $5.00
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Vol. 277, Issue 4, C673-C683, October 1999

Hypoxia modulates nitric oxide-induced regulation of NMDA receptor currents and neuronal cell death

Muyiwa Gbadegesin1, Stefano Vicini1,2, Sandra J. Hewett3, David A. Wink4, Michael Espey4, Ryszard M. Pluta5, and Carol A. Colton1,2

1 Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience and 2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007; 3 Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; and 4 Radiation Biology, National Cancer Institute, and 5 Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Nitric oxide (NO) released from a new chemical class of donors enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channel activity. Using whole cell and single-channel patch-clamp techniques, we have shown that (Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]-NO (PAPA-NO) and diethylamine NO, commonly termed NONOates, potentiate the glutamate-mediated response of recombinant rat NMDA receptors (NR1/NR2A) expressed in HEK-293 cells. The overall effect is an increase in both peak and steady-state whole cell currents induced by glutamate. Single-channel studies demonstrate a significant increase in open probability but no change in the mean single-channel open time or mean channel conductance. Reduction in oxygen levels increased and prolonged the PAPA-NO-induced change in both peak and steady-state glutamate currents in transfected HEK cells. PAPA-NO also enhanced cell death in primary cultures of rodent cortical neurons deprived of oxygen and glucose. This potentiation of neuronal injury was blocked by MK-801, indicating a critical involvement of NMDA receptor activation. The NO-induced increase in NMDA channel activity as well as NMDA receptor-mediated cell death provide firm evidence that NO modulates the NMDA channel in a manner consistent with both a physiological role under normoxic conditions and a pathophysiological role under hypoxic conditions.

N-methyl-D-aspartate; oxygen-glucose deprivation; PAPA-NO


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