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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 277: C432-C440, 1999;
0363-6143/99 $5.00
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Vol. 277, Issue 3, C432-C440, September 1999

Intracellular elasticity and viscosity in the body, leading, and trailing regions of locomoting neutrophils

Masaru Yanai1, James P. Butler1,2, Tomoko Suzuki1,3, Akio Kanda1, Masashi Kurachi3, Hideo Tashiro3, and Hidetada Sasaki1

1 Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574; 3 Laboratory for Photo-biology, Photodynamics Research Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Sendai 980-0868, Japan; and 2 Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

To investigate the mechanisms underlying pseudopod protrusion in locomoting neutrophils, we measured the intracellular stiffness and viscosity in the leading region, main body, and trailing region from displacements of oscillating intracellular granules driven with an optical trap. Experiments were done in control conditions and after treatment with cytochalasin D or nocodazole. We found 1) in the body and trailing region, the granules divided into a "fixed" population (too stiff to measure) and a "free" population (easily oscillated; fixed fraction 65%, free fraction 35%). By contrast, the fixed fraction in the leading region was <5%. 2) In the body and trailing region, there was no difference in stiffness or viscosity, but both were sharply lower in the leading region (respectively, 20-fold and 5-fold). 3) Neither cytochalasin D nor nocodazole caused a decrease in stiffness, but both treatments markedly reduced the fixed fraction in the body and trailing region to <20% and <40%, respectively. These observations suggest a discrete lattice structure in the body and trailing region and suggest that the developing pseudopod has a core that is more fluidlike, in the sense of a much lower viscosity and an almost total loss of stiffness. This is consistent with the contraction/solation hypothesis of pseudopodial formation.

cytoskeleton; biomechanics; pseudopodia


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