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Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 274: C1592-C1600, 1998;
0363-6143/98 $5.00
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Vol. 274, Issue 6, C1592-C1600, June 1998

Release of dopamine and norepinephrine by hypoxia from PC-12 cells

Ganesh K. Kumar1, Jeffrey L. Overholt2, Gary R. Bright3, Kwong Y. Hui4, Hongwen Lu2, Miklos Gratzl4, and Nanduri R. Prabhakar2

Departments of 1 Biochemistry, 2 Physiology and Biophysics, 3 Anatomy, and 4 Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

We examined the effects of hypoxia on the release of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) from rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC-12) cells and assessed the involvement of Ca2+ and protein kinases in stimulus-secretion coupling. Catecholamine release was monitored by microvoltammetry using a carbon fiber electrode as well as by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection (ECD). Microvoltammetric analysis showed that hypoxia-induced catecholamine secretion (PO2 of medium ~40 mmHg) occurred within 1 min after the onset of the stimulus and reached a plateau between 10 and 15 min. HPLC-ECD analysis revealed that, at any level of PO2, the release of NE was greater than the release of DA. In contrast, in response to K+ (80 mM), DA release was ~11-fold greater than NE release. The magnitude of hypoxia-induced NE and DA releases depended on the passage, source, and culture conditions of the PC-12 cells. Omission of extracellular Ca2+ or addition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blockers attenuated hypoxia-induced release of both DA and NE to a similar extent. Protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine (200 nM) and bisindolylmaleimide I (2 µM), on the other hand, attenuated hypoxia-induced NE release more than DA release. However, protein kinase inhibitors had no significant effect on K+-induced NE and DA releases. These results demonstrate that hypoxia releases catecholamines from PC-12 cells and that, for a given change in PO2, NE release is greater than DA release. It is suggested that protein kinases are involved in the enhanced release of NE during hypoxia.

transmitter release; protein kinase; stimulus-secretion coupling


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