Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Add DOIs to your references at manuscript stage!
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     


Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 262: C384-C390, 1992;
0363-6143/92 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (232)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Shen, J.
Right arrow Articles by Gimbrone, M. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Shen, J.
Right arrow Articles by Gimbrone, M. A., Jr

AJP - Cell Physiology, Vol 262, Issue 2 C384-C390, Copyright © 1992 by American Physiological Society


ARTICLES

Fluid shear stress modulates cytosolic free calcium in vascular endothelial cells

J. Shen, F. W. Luscinskas, A. Connolly, C. F. Dewey Jr and M. A. Gimbrone Jr
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.

Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was monitored in single and groups of fura-2-loaded bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) during exposure to laminar fluid shear stress. Application of a step increase in shear stress from 0.08 to 8 dyn/cm2 to confluent BAEC monolayers resulted in a transient increase in [Ca2+]i, which attained a peak value in 15-40 s, followed by a decline to baseline within 40-80 s. The magnitude of the [Ca2+]i responses increased with applied shear stress over the range of 0.2-4 dyn/cm2 and reached a maximum at greater than 4 dyn/cm2. Transient oscillations in [Ca2+]i with gradually diminishing amplitude were observed in individual cells subjected to continuous high shear stress. Elimination of extracellular Ca2+ with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, blockade of Ca2+ entry with lanthanum, depolarization of the cell membrane with high K+, and preconditioning of BAEC in steady laminar flow had little effect on the [Ca2+]i response. In the presence of ATP or ADP, application of shear stress caused repetitive oscillations in [Ca2+]i in single BAEC, whose frequency was dependent on both agonist concentration and the magnitude of applied shear stress. However, apyrase, an ATPase and ADPase, did not inhibit the shear-induced [Ca2+]i responses in standard medium (no added ATP or ADP), suggesting that the shear-induced [Ca2+]i response is not due to ATP released by endothelial cells.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Physiol. Rev.Home page
J.-L. Balligand, O. Feron, and C. Dessy
eNOS Activation by Physical Forces: From Short-Term Regulation of Contraction to Chronic Remodeling of Cardiovascular Tissues
Physiol Rev, April 1, 2009; 89(2): 481 - 534.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
R. B. Singh, V. Elimban, and N. S. Dhalla
Differences in ischemia-reperfusion-induced endothelial changes in hearts perfused at constant flow and constant pressure
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2008; 105(6): 1779 - 1787.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
R. Takeda, E. Suzuki, M. Takahashi, S. Oba, H. Nishimatsu, K. Kimura, T. Nagano, R. Nagai, and Y. Hirata
Calcineurin is critical for sodium-induced neointimal formation in normotensive and hypertensive rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2871 - H2878.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
Y. Yao, A. Rabodzey, and C. F. Dewey Jr.
Glycocalyx modulates the motility and proliferative response of vascular endothelium to fluid shear stress
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): H1023 - H1030.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
S. L. Winters, C. W. Davis, and R. C. Boucher
Mechanosensitivity of mouse tracheal ciliary beat frequency: roles for Ca2+, purinergic signaling, tonicity, and viscosity
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2007; 292(3): L614 - L624.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
D. Hong, D. Jaron, D. G. Buerk, and K. A. Barbee
Heterogeneous response of microvascular endothelial cells to shear stress
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): H2498 - H2508.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
E. A. Osborn, A. Rabodzey, C. F. Dewey Jr., and J. H. Hartwig
Endothelial actin cytoskeleton remodeling during mechanostimulation with fluid shear stress
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): C444 - C452.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
P. J. Mack, M. R. Kaazempur-Mofrad, H. Karcher, R. T. Lee, and R. D. Kamm
Force-induced focal adhesion translocation: effects of force amplitude and frequency
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): C954 - C962.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
Z. Zhang and T. L. Pallone
Response of descending vasa recta to luminal pressure
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): F535 - F542.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
N. M. Tsoukias, M. Kavdia, and A. S. Popel
A theoretical model of nitric oxide transport in arterioles: frequency- vs. amplitude-dependent control of cGMP formation
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2004; 286(3): H1043 - H1056.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
K. Yamamoto, T. Sokabe, N. Ohura, H. Nakatsuka, A. Kamiya, and J. Ando
Endogenously released ATP mediates shear stress-induced Ca2+ influx into pulmonary artery endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 11, 2003; 285(2): H793 - H803.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
W.-P. Qiu, Q. Hu, N. Paolocci, R. C. Ziegelstein, and D. A. Kass
Differential effects of pulsatile versus steady flow on coronary endothelial membrane potential
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 5, 2003; 285(1): H341 - H346.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
J. R. Allport, Y.-C. Lim, J. M. Shipley, R. M. Senior, S. D. Shapiro, N. Matsuyoshi, D. Vestweber, and F. W. Luscinskas
Neutrophils from MMP-9- or neutrophil elastase-deficient mice show no defect in transendothelial migration under flow in vitro
J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2002; 71(5): 821 - 828.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. M. Dudek and J. G. N. Garcia
Cytoskeletal regulation of pulmonary vascular permeability
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2001; 91(4): 1487 - 1500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
H. Miura, R. E. Wachtel, Y. Liu, F. R. Loberiza Jr, T. Saito, M. Miura, and D. D. Gutterman
Flow-Induced Dilation of Human Coronary Arterioles : Important Role of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels
Circulation, April 17, 2001; 103(15): 1992 - 1998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Physiol. Rev.Home page
O. P. Hamill and B. Martinac
Molecular Basis of Mechanotransduction in Living Cells
Physiol Rev, April 1, 2001; 81(2): 685 - 740.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
M. Schafer, D. Bahde, B. Bosche, Y. Ladilov, C. Schafer, H. M. Piper, and T. Noll
Modulation of early [Ca2+]i rise in metabolically inhibited endothelial cells by xestospongin C
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): H1002 - H1010.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
J. Suvatne, A. I. Barakat, and M. E. O'Donnell
Flow-induced expression of endothelial Na-K-Cl cotransport: dependence on K+ and Cl{-} channels
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 2001; 280(1): C216 - C227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
C. J. Jen, S.-J. Jhiang, and H.-I. Chen
Cellular Responses to Mechanical Stress: Invited Review: Effects of flow on vascular endothelial intracellular calcium signaling of rat aortas ex vivo
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2000; 89(4): 1657 - 1662.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
K. Yamamoto, R. Korenaga, A. Kamiya, and J. Ando
Fluid Shear Stress Activates Ca2+ Influx Into Human Endothelial Cells via P2X4 Purinoceptors
Circ. Res., September 1, 2000; 87(5): 385 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
K. Yamamoto, R. Korenaga, A. Kamiya, Z. Qi, M. Sokabe, and J. Ando
P2X4 receptors mediate ATP-induced calcium influx in human vascular endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): H285 - H292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
Y. Kano, K. Katoh, and K. Fujiwara
Lateral Zone of Cell-Cell Adhesion as the Major Fluid Shear Stress-Related Signal Transduction Site
Circ. Res., March 3, 2000; 86(4): 425 - 433.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
B.-W. Hochleitner, E.-O. Hochleitner, P. Obrist, T. Eberl, A. Amberger, Q. Xu, R. Margreiter, and G. Wick
Fluid Shear Stress Induces Heat Shock Protein 60 Expression in Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2000; 20(3): 617 - 623.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
A. I. Barakat, E. V. Leaver, P. A. Pappone, and P. F. Davies
A Flow-Activated Chloride-Selective Membrane Current in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Circ. Res., October 29, 1999; 85(9): 820 - 828.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
W.-Z. Ying and P. W. Sanders
Dietary salt increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase and TGF-beta 1 in rat aortic endothelium
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 1999; 277(4): H1293 - H1298.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Okuda, M. Takahashi, J. Suero, C. E. Murry, O. Traub, H. Kawakatsu, and B. C. Berk
Shear Stress Stimulation of p130cas Tyrosine Phosphorylation Requires Calcium-dependent c-Src Activation
J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 1999; 274(38): 26803 - 26809.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
O. Traub, T. Ishida, M. Ishida, J. C. Tupper, and B. C. Berk
Shear Stress-mediated Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Activation Is Regulated by Sodium in Endothelial Cells. POTENTIAL ROLE FOR A VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT SODIUM CHANNEL
J. Biol. Chem., July 16, 1999; 274(29): 20144 - 20150.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
H. Miura, Y. Liu, and D. D. Gutterman
Human Coronary Arteriolar Dilation to Bradykinin Depends on Membrane Hyperpolarization : Contribution of Nitric Oxide and Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels
Circulation, June 22, 1999; 99(24): 3132 - 3138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
P. T. Nowicki
Effects of sustained low-flow perfusion on the response to vasoconstrictor agents in postnatal intestine
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): G1408 - G1416.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
J. M. Muller, M. J. Davis, L. Kuo, and W. M. Chilian
Changes in coronary endothelial cell Ca2+ concentration during shear stress- and agonist-induced vasodilation
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1999; 276(5): H1706 - H1714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
M. Gosling, J. Golledge, R. J. Turner, and J. T. Powell
Arterial Flow Conditions Downregulate Thrombomodulin on Saphenous Vein Endothelium
Circulation, March 2, 1999; 99(8): 1047 - 1053.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
M. Ikeda, T. Takei, I. Mills, H. Kito, and B. E. Sumpio
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation in endothelial cells exposed to cyclic strain
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 1999; 276(2): H614 - H622.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
M. Nakao, K. Ono, S. Fujisawa, and T. Iijima
Mechanical stress-induced Ca2+ entry and Cl- current in cultured human aortic endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): C238 - C249.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
V. Rizzo, A. Sung, P. Oh, and J. E. Schnitzer
Rapid Mechanotransduction in Situ at the Luminal Cell Surface of Vascular Endothelium and Its Caveolae
J. Biol. Chem., October 9, 1998; 273(41): 26323 - 26329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
T. Murase, N. Kume, R. Korenaga, J. Ando, T. Sawamura, T. Masaki, and T. Kita
Fluid Shear Stress Transcriptionally Induces Lectin-like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Circ. Res., August 10, 1998; 83(3): 328 - 333.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
R. E. Gerszten, Y.-C. Lim, H. T. Ding, K. Snapp, G. Kansas, D. A. Dichek, C. Cabanas, F. Sanchez-Madrid, M. A. Gimbrone Jr, A. Rosenzweig, et al.
Adhesion of Monocytes to Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1–Transduced Human Endothelial Cells : Implications for Atherogenesis
Circ. Res., May 4, 1998; 82(8): 871 - 878.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
I. Fleming, J. Bauersachs, B. Fisslthaler, and R. Busse
Ca2+-Independent Activation of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Response to Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors and Fluid Shear Stress
Circ. Res., April 6, 1998; 82(6): 686 - 695.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
W.-Z. Ying and P. W. Sanders
Dietary salt modulates renal production of transforming growth factor-beta in rats
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): F635 - F641.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
P. M. Becker, W. Buchanan, and J. T. Sylvester
Protective effects of intravascular pressure and nitric oxide in ischemic lung injury
J Appl Physiol, March 1, 1998; 84(3): 803 - 808.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
FASEB J.Home page
H. Watanabe, R. Takahashi, X.-x. Zhang, Y. Goto, H. Hayashi, J. Ando, M. Isshiki, M. Seto, H. Hidaka, I. Niki, et al.
An essential role of myosin light-chain kinase in the regulation of agonist- and fluid flow-stimulated Ca2+ influx in endothelial cells
FASEB J, March 1, 1998; 12(3): 341 - 348.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
FASEB J.Home page
J. Hoyer, R. Köhler, and A. Distler
Mechanosensitive Ca2+ oscillations and STOC activation in endothelial cells
FASEB J, March 1, 1998; 12(3): 359 - 366.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
O. Traub, B. P. Monia, N. M. Dean, and B. C. Berk
PKC-epsilon Is Required for Mechano-sensitive Activation of ERK1/2 in Endothelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem., December 12, 1997; 272(50): 31251 - 31257.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
L. E. Hinman, G. J. Beilman, K. E. Groehler, and P. J. Sammak
Wound-induced calcium waves in alveolar type II cells
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): L1242 - L1248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
Y. Tardy, N. Resnick, T. Nagel, M.A. Gimbrone Jr, and C.F. Dewey Jr
Shear Stress Gradients Remodel Endothelial Monolayers in Vitro via a Cell Proliferation-Migration-Loss Cycle
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 3102 - 3106.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
B. S. Wung, J. J. Cheng, H. J. Hsieh, Y. J. Shyy, and D. L. Wang
Cyclic Strain–Induced Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells Involves Reactive Oxygen Species Activation of Activator Protein 1
Circ. Res., July 19, 1997; 81(1): 1 - 7.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
B. Hogers, M.C. DeRuiter, A.C. Gittenberger-de Groot, and R.E. Poelmann
Unilateral Vitelline Vein Ligation Alters Intracardiac Blood Flow Patterns and Morphogenesis in the Chick Embryo
Circ. Res., April 19, 1997; 80(4): 473 - 481.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
A. Mishima, M. Asano, T. Saito, S. Yamamoto, T. Ukai, H. Yoshitomi, K. Matsumoto, and T. Manabe
PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW REGULATES PLASMA TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR CONCENTRATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 1997; 113(4): 742 - 747.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
A. Gnasso, C. Carallo, C. Irace, V. Spagnuolo, G. De Novara, P. L. Mattioli, and A. Pujia
Association Between Intima-Media Thickness and Wall Shear Stress in Common Carotid Arteries in Healthy Male Subjects
Circulation, December 15, 1996; 94(12): 3257 - 3262.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
Y. Kano, K. Katoh, M. Masuda, and K. Fujiwara
Macromolecular Composition of Stress Fiber–Plasma Membrane Attachment Sites in Endothelial Cells In Situ
Circ. Res., November 1, 1996; 79(5): 1000 - 1006.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
S. R.P. Gudi, C. B. Clark, and J. A. Frangos
Fluid Flow Rapidly Activates G Proteins in Human Endothelial Cells: Involvement of G Proteins in Mechanochemical Signal Transduction
Circ. Res., October 1, 1996; 79(4): 834 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
K. Ayajiki, M. Kindermann, M. Hecker, I. Fleming, and R. Busse
Intracellular pH and Tyrosine Phosphorylation but Not Calcium Determine Shear Stress–Induced Nitric Oxide Production in Native Endothelial Cells
Circ. Res., May 1, 1996; 78(5): 750 - 758.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
H. Tseng, T. E. Peterson, and B. C. Berk
Fluid Shear Stress Stimulates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Endothelial Cells
Circ. Res., November 1, 1995; 77(5): 869 - 878.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
A. J. Kanai, H. C. Strauss, G. A. Truskey, A. L. Crews, S. Grunfeld, and T. Malinski
Shear Stress Induces ATP-Independent Transient Nitric Oxide Release From Vascular Endothelial Cells, Measured Directly With a Porphyrinic Microsensor
Circ. Res., August 1, 1995; 77(2): 284 - 293.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
D. L. Wang, B.-S. Wung, Y.-J. Shyy, C.-F. Lin, Y.-J. Chao, S. Usami, and S. Chien
Mechanical Strain Induces Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells : Effects of Mechanical Strain on Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells
Circ. Res., August 1, 1995; 77(2): 294 - 302.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
L. Kuo, M. J. Davis, and W. M. Chilian
Longitudinal Gradients for Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vascular Responses in the Coronary Microcirculation
Circulation, August 1, 1995; 92(3): 518 - 525.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
P. L. Walpola, A. I. Gotlieb, M. I. Cybulsky, and B. L. Langille
Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and Monocyte Adherence in Arteries Exposed to Altered Shear Stress
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1995; 15(1): 2 - 10.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
NEJMHome page
G. H. Gibbons and V. J. Dzau
The Emerging Concept of Vascular Remodeling
N. Engl. J. Med., May 19, 1994; 330(20): 1431 - 1438.
[Full Text]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
H. Y. Kwan, Y. Huang, S. K. Kong, and X. Yao
cGMP abolishes agonist-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in human bladder epithelial cells
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): F1067 - F1074.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online